2nd Year Biology ALP Guess Paper 2021 || 12th Class Biology Guess Paper 2021

                                      12th Class Biology Full Paper  ALP Guess Paper 2021                          

                                               Objective Type 

5)The tolerance of dehydration is

a) Osmoconformers

b) Osmoregulators

✔c) Anhydrobiosis

d) Dehydration

6)Which one of the following is excretophore ?

a) Stem

b) Root

c) Bark

✔d) Leaves

7) Animals excreting urea are called

✔a) Ureotelic

b) Ammonotelic

c) Uricotelic

d) Excretotelic


8)A diluted solution compared to cell concentration is termed as


a) Hypertonic

✔b) Hypotonic

c) Isotonic

d) Paratonic


9) One gram of ammonia requires how much amount of water for its removal


a) 50 ml

b) 100 ml

c) 250 ml

✔d) 500 ml


10) Animals excreting ammonia are


a) Ureotelic

b) Uricotelic

✔c) Ammonotelic

d) Excretotelic

11) Removal of nitrogenous wastes that requires less amount of water is


a) Urea

b) Ammonia

✔c) Uric acid

d) Lactic acid

12) Number of NH3 molecules required to produce one molecule of urea is

a) 1

✔b) 2

c) 3

d) 4


13) How much water is needed to excrete 1 g of Ammonia ?

a) 400 ml

✔b) 500 ml

c) 600 ml

d) 700 ml

14) Major homeostatic function of liver is storage of

a) Bile

b) Cholesterol

c) Urea

✔d) Iron


15) Urea is produced in

a) Lungs

✔b) Liver

c) Kidneys

d) Pancreas

16) Urine leaves kidney through a duct called

a) Urethra

✔b) Ureter

c) Urinary bladder

d) Pelvis

17)Blood supplied to kidney from each cardiac beat is

a) 10 %

✔b) 20 %

c) 30 %

d) 50 %

18)Mammalian kidney including human is adapted to conserve water up to

a) 69.5 %

b) 79.5 %

✔d) 99.5 %

22)Super cool cytosol , without ice formation , is caused by

a) Heat shock protein

b) Unsaturated fatty acids

✔c) Solutes

d) Enzymes

23)Which animal is not poikilotherm ?

a) Star-fish

b) Frog

c) Tortoise

✔d) Parrot

24)Lizards bask is sun to gain

✔a) Heat

b) Cold

c) Air

d) Moisture

25)Most land mammals respond to cold by raising their

a) Tail

b) Head

c) Legs

✔d) Furs

26)Which is an endotherm ?


✔a) Bird

b) Bar

c) Humming bird

d) Reptiles

27)The homeostatic thermostat in man is

a) Thalamus

b) Cerebrum

c) Medulla


28) During infection , pyrogens are produced in the human body by


a) RBCs

✔b) WBCs

c) Platelets

d) Blood plasma

29)The chemical substance , responsible for raising human body temperature are
a) Leukocytes

✔b) Pyrogens

c) Pyrexia

d) Pollutants

30)In bacterial and viral infection , pathogens and leukocytes cells produce a chemical called
a) Pyrexia

b) Toxins

c) Alfatoxins

✔d) Pyrogen


31)The fever causing chemical substances in human are
a) Pathogens

b) Poisons

c) Alfatoxins

✔d) Pyrogen

32)Aldosterone is involved in
a) Transport of potassium ions into kidneys

b) Transport of water

✔c) Uptake of Sodium in

d) Reabsorption of water Loop of Henle

33)Bark is made up of
✔a) Cork , cork cambium , pith and phloem

b) Wood , pith and Xylem

c) Cork , cork cambium cotex & phloem

d) Xylem , phloem and cortex

38)The sclerenchyma cells found in seed coats and nut shell are the
✔a) Fibers

b) Vessels

c) Trachieds

d) Sclerieds

39)Which of the following cells have angular thickenings in their primary walls ?
✔a) Collenchyma

b) Sclerenchyma

c) Fibers

d) Vessels

40)Bundle caps in sunflower stem , are formed by
✔a) Sclerenchyma

b) Parenchyma

c) Mesenchyma

d) Collenchyma

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                                  SUBJECTIVE TYPE

Q No.2

1. What is lithotripsy

2. What are pyrogens? (LB-2008, 2013)

3. What is hypertonic environment and what changes occur in a cell in such environment? (OR) Differentiate  between hypotonic and hypertonic environment. (LB-2010, 2012, 2016)

4. What are osmoconformers and osmoregulators? (LB-2011)

5. What is extra corporal shock wave lithotripsy? (LB-2014)

6. What are flame cells? Give their role. (OR) What are flame cells? Why they are called so? (LB-2014) 7. Write structural formula of urea and uric acid. (LB-2010, 2012)

8. Define homeostasis. Give its importance. (LB-2011, 2013)

9. Define anhydrobiosis with an example. (LB-2012, 2014, 2018)

10. Differentiate between poikilotherms and homeotherms. (LB-2012, 2013)

11. Differentiate between ectotherms and endotherms. (LB-2009, 2014)

12. Differentiate between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. (LB-2018)

13. Differentiate between xerophytes and mesophytes. (OR) What are xerophytes? Give two adaptations of  xerophytes. (LB-2012)

14. Draw and label urea cycle. (LB-2018)

15. What is sciatica? (OR) What is sciatica and its causes? (LB-2009, 2010, 2016)

16. What is foreman triosseum? (OR) What is foreman triosseum? How it is formed? (LB-2010, 2015) 17. What is the role of vascular cambium? (LB-2011, 2012)

18. What is axial skeleton? (LB-2012)

19. What is meant by passive and active flight? (OR) Differentiate between active and passive flight. (LB- 2012,  2013)

20. What is rickets? Give its causes and cure. (OR) How is rickets produced? (LB-2012)

21. What is herniation of discs? (OR) Define disc-slip. (OR) What are the causes of herniation of discs? (LB-2010,  2011, 2013)

22. What is the difference between tetanus and muscle tetany? (LB-2018)

23. What is the difference between exoskeleton and endoskeleton? (OR) What is the composition of exoskeleton?  (LB-2015)

24. What is effective and recovery stroke? (OR) Differentiate between effective and recovery stroke. (LB- 2016) 25. What are plantigrade and unguligrade? (OR) What are plantigrade, digitigrade and unguligrade mammals? (LB 2017)

26. Characterize collenchyma cells. (LB-2011, 2012)

27. Compare phototropism and geotropism. (LB-2017) 28. Compare hinge joint with ball and socket joint. (LB-2012, 2018) 29. Define antagonistic movement of muscles. (LB-2018)

30. Discuss two main types of cartilage. (LB-2013)

31. Differentiate between compact bone and spongy bone. Give only two differences. (LB-2018)

632. Distinguish between axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. (LB-2008, 2014)

33. Distinguish between the phototactic and chemotactic movements. (OR) What is phototactic movement?(OR) What is chemotactic movement? (LB-2015)

34. Differentiate between origin and insertion of muscle.

35. Differentiate between ligament and tendon. (LB-2018)

36. Explain two types of nastic movements. (OR) Compare epinasty and hyponasty. (LB-2012, 2013, 2016)

S37. Enlist some of the functions of skeleton. (LB-2015)

O38. Name the different types of cells associated with bones. (LB-2014)

39. What is innate behavior? (LB-2016)

L40. What is the role of hypothalamus? (LB-2016)

S41. What is synapse? (LB-2011)

V42. What are axons and dendrites? (OR) How axon differ from dendrites. (LB-2009, 2010, 2014)

A43. What is reflex arc? (OR) Differentiate between reflex action and reflex arc. (LB-2012, 2014, 2018)

R44. What is the difference between CNS and PNS? (LB-2012, 2016)

45. What is the function of parathyroid gland or parathormone? (LB-2008, 2013, 2016)

46. What is Parkinson’s disease? (OR) Differentiate between Parkinson’s and Epilepsy. (LB-2009, 2012, 2018) 

47. What are gastrin and secretin? (OR) Give the functions of secretin and gastrin. (OR) Name the two hormones of  gut. (LB-2010, 2013)

48. Write function of photoreceptors and nociceptors. (LB-2014)

49. Define saltatory impulse. (OR) Define saltatory impulse and synapse. (LB-2001, 2011)

50. Define feedback mechanism. (LB-2018)

51. Differentiate between etiolation and chlorosis. (OR) What is chlorosis? (LB-2018)

52. Differentiate between active and resting membrane potential. (LB-2018)

53. Give two commercial applications of Gibberellins. (LB-2011, 2014, 2018)

54. What is the action of nicotine on coordination? (LB-2011-2015)

55. What is parthenocarpy? (OR) Define parthenocarpy with examples. (OR) How does parthenocarpy differ from  parthenogenesis? (LB-2010, 2011, 2013)

56. Write down at least two important measures to prevent AIDS. (LB-2013)

57. What are Oviparous, Viviparous and Ovoviviparous animals? (OR) Give difference between Oviparous and  Viviparous animals. (OR) What are Ovoviviparous animals? Give examples. (OR) Differentiate between  oviparity and viviparity. (LB-2008, 2009, 2012, 2013)

58. Classify the plants according to photoperiodic requirement for flowering. (OR) Name types of plants according to  photoperiodism. (LB-2013, 2015)

59. Define photoperiodism and write its effects in plants. (OR) Give importance of photoperiodism in plants. (LB 2011, 2016)

60. Define apomixes. (OR) What is meant by apomixes? (OR) What is apomixes (LB-2014, 2018) 61. Define vernalization. (OR) What is vernalization? (LB-2012, 2018)

62. Differentiate between haploid parthenogenesis and diploid parthenogenesis. (OR) Define diploid parthenogenesis.  (OR) Define diploid parthenogenesis. Give an example. (LB-2012)

63. Differentiate between internal and external fertilization. (LB-2018)

64. Differentiate between identical twins and fraternal twins. (OR) How identical twins and fraternal twins are  produced? (LB-2010, 2013)

65. How can you differentiate between menstrual cycle and oestrous cycle? (OR) Define/ Explain oestrous cycle.  (LB-2014)

66. How test tube babies are produced? (OR) What are test tube babies (LB-2009, 2014)

67. What do you mean by open growth? (LB-2011, 2012)

68. What is neurula? (OR) What is neurocoel? (LB-2015)

69. What is gastrocoel and from which germ layer it is originated? (LB-2013)

70. What is meant by discoidal cleavage? (LB-2016)

71. What is meristem? (OR) Define meristem. Name its types based on position. (OR) Describe various types of  meristems. (OR) What is apical meristem? (OR) What are intercalary meristems. Give their role. (OR) What do  you mean by lateral meristem. (LB-2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018)

72. What is the difference between epiblast and hypoblast? (LB-2017)

73. Briefly describe the external and internal factors that affect growth in plants. (LB-2009)

74. Define aging and write its symptoms. (OR) Give symptoms of aging. (OR) What are important signs of aging in  human beings? (OR) What are the causes of aging and how aging can be slowed down? (LB- 2014)

75. Define organizer and inducer substance. (OR) What are primary organizer and inducer substances? (LB-2009,  2013)

76. Define regeneration with examples. (LB-2011)

77. Differentiate between gerontology and teratology. (LB-2010)

78. Differentiate between growth and development. (OR) Define growth. (LB-2010, 2016, 2017)

79. Differentiate between primary and secondary growth. (LB-2018)

80. Give the name of the two sheets like layers into which mesoderm splits and name the cavity formed between  9these. (OR) Differentiate between somatic and splanchnic mesoderm. (LB-2012, 2013)

681. How do final size of cells of cortex and tracheids is attained in zone of maturation? (LB-2013)

782. How notochord is formed in chick embryo? (LB-2011)

Q No.3

 

1

1. What is semi-conservative replication of DNA? (LB-2015)

2. What are the contributions of P.A. Levene for determining the structure of DNA? (LB-2017)

N3. What is alkaptonuria? (OR) What is phenylketonuria? (OR) Differentiate between alkaptonuria and phenylketonuria.

4. What is central dogma? (LB-2018)

O5. What is genetic code? (OR) What are non-sense codons? (OR) Enlist non-sense codons and their function. (OR)

E6. Where codon and anticodon are situated? (LB-2012, 2014, 2018)

7. What is heterochromatin? (OR) What is euchromatin? (OR) Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin. (LB-2016, 2018)

8. What is mutation? (OR) What do you mean by mutations? (OR) Define mutation and differentiate between  chromosomal aberration and point mutation. (LB-2010, 2013, 2017)

9. What is phosphodiester linkage? Draw structural formula. (OR) What is phosphodiester bond or linkage? (LB 2013, 2015, 2016)

10. Define chromosomal theory of inheritance. (LB-2010, 2014)

11. Define karyotype. (OR) What is karyotype? (OR) What do you mean by karyotype? Give its significance. (LB 2014)

12. Define nucleosome. (LB-2012)

13. Define nucleotide and nucleoside. (LB-2017)

14. Define one gene/one polypeptide hypothesis? (LB-2017)

15. Define point mutation. (OR) State point mutation with examples. (OR) Define point mutations. Give one  example. (LB-2012, 2014, 2018)

16. Define transcription and how it is initiated? (OR) What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription? (LB 2010, 2013)

17. Differentiate between sense and anti-sense strands of DNA. (LB-2018)

18. Give the role and kinds of tRNA. (LB-2013)

19. What is Necrosis? (LB-2014)

20. What is Klinefelter’s syndrome? (LB-2016)

21. What are the apparent symptoms or effects of Down’s syndrome? (OR) What is Down’s syndrome? (OR) Describe causes and symptoms of Down’s syndrome. (OR) Write symptoms of Down’s syndrome. (LB-2014,  2018)

22. What are the symptoms of Turner’s syndrome? (OR) How Turner’s syndrome is caused and give its features.  (OR) What is Turner’s syndrome? (LB-2013, 2014)

23. What is mitotic apparatus? (OR) What is mitotic apparatus? Give its functions. (LB-2013, 2016, 2018) 24. Define cell cycle. (LB-2015,2017)

25. Define meiosis and mitosis. (OR) What is the importance of mitosis and meiosis? (LB-2017)

26. Differentiate between Go-phase and S-phase of interphase. (OR) Differentiate between interphase and mitotic  phase. (OR) Describe changes occur during G1-phase. (LB-2011, 2012, 2016)

27. Give two main importance of meiosis. (LB-2013)

28. How can you identify Cancer cells? (OR) Cancer is uncontrolled cell division, explain. (LB-2011) 29. In what respects does mitosis in plant cells differ from that in animal cells? (OR) Explain cytokinesis in plants.  (OR) How cytokinesis occur in plants? (LB-2010, 2018)

30. What is Bombay phenotype? (LB-2016, 2017)

31. What is MODY? (LB-2008, 2015, 2016)

32. What are the genes and alleles? (LB-2016)

33. What is the role of blood groups in establishing parentage? (LB-2010)

34. What is meant by universal blood donor and universal recipient?

35. What is crossing over? What is its importance? (LB-2013)

36. What is bean-bag genetics? (OR) What is a gene pool? (OR) Differentiate between gene and gene pool. (LB 2014)

37. How does ABO incompatibility protect the developing baby against Rh- incompatibility? (LB-2011, 2012) 38. What is meant by linkage, linked genes and linkage groups? (OR) What is a linkage group? (OR) Define linkage  group by giving example. (OR) What are linkage groups? Give their number in human beings. (OR) Define gene  linkage and gene linkage groups (LB-2012, 2013, 2015, 2018)

39. What is test cross? Why did Mendel suggest this cross? (OR) Give the significance of test cross. (OR)What is test  cross? Give its uses. (LB-2011, 2012, 2013, 2018)

40. What is the difference between heterogametic and homogametic individuals? (OR) What is heterogametic  individual? Give example. (LB-2018)

41. What are compound sex chromosomes and their example? (LB-2013)

942. Define laws of Mendel. (OR) Define Mendel’s law of segregation (law of purity of gametes). (OR) Define law of segregation. (LB-2015, 2018)

743. Differentiate between incomplete dominance and co-dominance. (LB-2012)

744. Differentiate between autosomes and sex-chromosomes. (LB-2011)

45. Differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous. (LB-2011, 2014, 2016)

346. Differentiate between allele and multiple alleles? (OR) What are multiple alleles? Give example. (LB- 2014)

47. Differentiate between dominance and epistasis. (OR) What is epistasis? How it differs from dominance? (LB 2010, 2012, 2018)

48. Differentiate between sex-limited and sex-influenced traits. (OR) What are sex-limited traits? (OR) What are sex influenced traits? (OR) What is the sex-limited traits? Give an example. (LB-2008, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2018)

L49. Distinguish between polygenes and pleiotropy. (OR) Define pleiotropy. (OR) What is pleiotropy and its example? (LB-2013)

50. Give the concept of fixed allele. (LB-2012)

A51. How sex determination occurs in yeast? (LB-2017)

52. What is a probe? (LB-2014)

53. What is gene pharming? (LB-2018)

54. What are Palindromic sequences? (LB-2013, 2016, 2018)

55. What are the various methods of gene or DNA sequencing? (LB-2016)

56. What are the two goals of Human Genome Project? (LB-2016, 2018)

57. What are transgenic plants. (OR) Give two advantages of transgenic plants. (LB-2011, 2014, 2015) 58. What is Ex-vivo gene therapy? (OR) Differentiate between Ex-vivo and In-vivo gene therapy. (LB- 2016, 2017) 59. What is a genome and genomic library? (OR) Differentiate between genome and genomic library. (OR)Define  genomic library. (LB-2016, 2018)

60. What is totipotency? (OR) What is totipotent cell? (OR) Define the term totipotent. (OR) Why plant cells are said  to be totipotent? (LB-2014, 2017)

61. Define biotechnology. Give its application. (LB-2016)

62. Define Molecular scissors. (OR) What are restriction enzymes? Give example. (OR) Differentiate between  molecular scissors and molecular vectors? (LB-2009, 2018)

63. What is the role of molecular carrier-the vector? (OR) Differentiate between plasmids pSC 101 and pBR 322?  (OR) Elaborate the use of plasmids. (OR) Mention the role of lambda phage during recombinant DNA  technology. (LB-2012, 2013, 2014, 2017)

Q No. 4

 

1. What is genetic drift? (LB-2010, 2011, 2012)

2. What are hydrothermal vents? How do they support life?

3. What is modern synthesis/ Neo-Darwinism? (OR) Give the concept of Neo-Darwinism. (LB-2012, 2014) 4. Write the name of theories of evolution presented by Lamarck and Darwin. (LB-2011)

5. What are vestigial organs? Name some important vestigial organs of man. (OR) What are vestigial organs? Give  one example (LB-2010, 2012, 2014, 2018)

6. Define fossil. Where are most of the fossils found? (LB-2014)

7. Define endangered species. (OR) What are endangered species? Give examples. (OR) Differentiate between  endangered and threatened species. (LB-2018)

8. Define Hardy Weinberg Theorem and give its equation in the form of binomial expansion. (LB-2013) 9. Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs. (OR) Define homologous organs by giving examples  (LB-2011, 2012)

10. What is ammonification? (LB-2010)

11. What is assimilation? (LB-2014)

12. What is grazing? How grazing affect the texture of soil? (OR) Define grazing. How grazers affect the ecosystem?  (LB-2008, 2010)

13. What is biome? (OR) Differentiate between biome and biosphere?

14. Define predation. (OR) Give the significance of predation. (LB-2012, 2016)

15. Define succession and name its types. (LB-2014)

16. Define biogeochemical cycles. (OR) What are biogeochemical cycles? (LB-2012)

17. Define productivity of an ecosystem and differentiate between gross primary production and net primary  production. (LB-2008)

18. Define ecosystem. Write its components. (OR) Define ecosystem. (LB-2012, 2016)

19. Define biosphere. (OR) What is biosphere. (OR) Define biosphere and ecosystem. (LB-2014, 2015, 2018) 20. Define parasitism. Give its significance. (OR) Differentiate between predation and parasitism. (LB- 2009, 2012) 21. Define commensalism. Give one example. (OR) Define commensalism with the help of an example. (LB-2013,  2018)

22. Define food chain and food web. (OR) Define food chain by giving an example. (LB-2010, 2012, 2013, 2015) 23. Differentiate between population and community. (LB-2014)

24. Differentiate between habitat and niche. (OR) Define niche. (OR) Explain ecological niche. (LB-2011, 2012,  92013)

25. Differentiate between autecology and synecology. (OR) What is synecology? (OR) What is autecology? (LB 2011, 2013, 2018)

26. Differentiate between micro and macro nutrients? (LB-2010)

27. Differentiate between consumers and decomposers. (OR) What are consumers? (LB-2014)

28. Differentiate between hydrosere and xerosere. (LB-2015, 2017)

29. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. (OR) How primary succession differ from secondary succession? (LB-2012, 2017)

30. What is the composition of air of terrestrial ecosystem? (LB-2012)

31. What is the effect of human impact on Tundra ecosystem? (LB-2013)

32. What is the range of rainfall and temperature in Temperate Deciduous Forest (OR) Discuss animal life of temperate deciduous forest? (LB-2012)

33. What is meant by layering in a grassland ecosystem? (OR) Give the layering characteristics of grassland. (LB 2013)

34. What is profundal zone? Give its one character. (OR) What type of organisms are present in profundal zone of  lake? (LB-2018)

35. Differentiate between Alpine and Boreal forests. (LB-2009, 2018)

36. Differentiate between Zooplankton and Phytoplankton. (LB-2008, 2011)

37. Differentiate among littoral, limnetic and profundal zone. (OR) Characterize littoral zone of fresh water lakes.  (OR) What is limnetic zone mention its life. (LB-2013, 2014)

38. Enlist two adaptations in plants and two in animals for a terrestrial ecosystem. (OR) Give two adaptations of  terrestrial ecosystem. (LB-2010, 2012)

39. Give the name of some major ecosystems on land in Pakistan.

40. Give location of Tundra ecosystem in Pakistan. (LB-2014)

41. Mention the characteristics of plant life in desert ecosystem. (LB-2013)

42. What is acid rain? (LB-2013)

43. What is Ozone? (OR) Give the importance of ozone layer. (LB-2017)

44. Write names of various types of pollution. (LB-2011)

45. What are the main sources of water pollution? (OR) Give main causes of water pollution. (LB-2012, 2015) 

46. Write the causes and effects of ozone depletion? (OR) Give the effects of ozone depletion on life. (LB- 2012) 

47. What are solid wastes and how these can be used as source of energy? (OR) Give importance of solid waste. 

48. What do you mean by non-renewable resources? (OR) What are renewable resources. Give examples. (OR)  Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources. (LB- 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2018) 

49. What measures should be taken for conservation of energy? (OR) How we can save energy? Mention any four  ways in which we can save energy. (OR) Write four ways of energy conservation? (LB-2014, 2017)

50. What is deforestation? (OR) What is afforestation? (OR) What is reforestation? (OR) What is the difference  between deforestation and afforestation? (OR) Differentiate between afforestation and reforestation. (OR) What is  the difference among deforestation, afforestation and reforestation? (LB- 2014, 2015)

51. Define greenhouse effect.

52. Describe abuses of land. (LB-2012)

53. Define soil and give its basic constituents. (OR) What is soil? (OR) What is soil? Give its basic constituents. (LB 2016, 2018)

54. Differentiate between Population Explosion and Population Pressure. (OR) Enlist some reasons of Population  Explosion in the world also describe Population Pressure. (OR) Write the reasons of world Population Explosion.  (OR) What do you mean by Population Explosion and give its two causes? (LB- 2010,2013,2014)

55. How is air important to life as a source? (LB-2012)

56. Why trees are called environmental buffers? (OR) Define environmental buffers.

Long Questions

 

Q.NO.5

1. Write note on osmoregulation in marine fishes. (LB-2014)

2. Write down the structure of a nephron. (LB-2012)

3. Discuss excretion in Cockroach. (LB-2016)

4. Describe various kidney problems and their cure in human. (OR) Discuss kidney problems in humans. (LB 2008, 2010)

5. Explain excretion in plants. (OR) Describe the excretion in plants. (LB-2012, 2013, 2014, 2018) 6. Write a note on grazing. (LB-2014)

7. Write a note on nitrogen cycle. (LB-2011, 2012, 2015, 2016)

8. Discuss the flow of energy in food chain of an ecosystem. (LB-2018)

9. Explain the biotic component of an ecosystem. (LB-2012)

Q.NO.6

1. What are the joints? Describe their types. (OR) Define and explain briefly the fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial  joints. (LB-2012, 2013)

2. What is endoskeleton? Describe bone and cartilage. (LB-2016)

93. What is Sliding Filament Model of muscle contraction? What does it explain? (LB-2018)

4. Write a note on human appendicular skeleton. (LB-2016)

05. Write down the mechanism of muscle contraction. (LB-2011)

86. Describe the significance of secondary growth. (LB-2015)

7. Explain about exoskeleton in Arthropods. (LB-2012)

8. Explain the role of Calcium ions in the process of Sliding Filament Model. (LB-2010)

P9. Give an account of paratonic movement in plants. (LB-2015)

10. What are chromosomes? What do you know about their number, karyotype, types and shapes? (OR) Describe types of chromosomes on the basis of centromere. (LB-2015, 2017)

U11. Describe Watson-Crick Model of DNA in detail. (LB-2013, 2014)

Q.NO.7

 

E1. Write any four differences between nervous and chemical coordination. (LB-2018)

2. Define and explain feedback mechanism?

E3. Define and explain nerve impulse. (OR) Describe initiation of nerve impulse. (LB-2014)

4. Discuss the nervous system of Hydra. (OR) Compare the nervous system of Hydra and Planaria. (OR) Nervous  system of Hydra is better developed than of Planaria. Discuss. (LB-2012, 2013, 2016)

5. Write a note on greenhouse effect. (LB-2011)

6. Write a note on deforestation and afforestation. (OR) Describe deforestation. (LB-2013, 2018) 7. Write a note on ozone layer depletion. (LB- 2012)

8. What is pollution? Explain the phenomenon of air pollution. (LB-2017)

Q.NO.8

1. Write a note on test tube babies. (LB-2016)

2. Compare asexual reproduction with sexual reproduction. (OR) Give a comprehensive comparison between  asexual and sexual reproduction. (LB-2012, 2015)

3. Diseases with the help of examples. (OR) Explain Sexually Transmitted Diseases in humans. (LB-2014, 2016,  2017)

4. What is epistasis? Explain it with an example of Bombay phenotype. (LB-2013)

5. What is incomplete dominance? Explain it with an example. (LB-2012, 2013)

6. Define and explain multiple alleles. (OR) Describe multiple allelic blood group system of man. (OR) Discuss the  genetics of ABO blood group system. (OR) Explain the ABO blood group system. (LB- 2012, 2018)

7. Define and explain sex-linkage in Drosophila. (LB-2015)

8. Describe Mendel’s law of segregation (law of purity of gametes) (OR) Define Mendel’s law of segregation.  Explain it with one example. (OR) What is Mendel’s law of segregation? Illustrate it with an example (LB-2011,  2016)

9. Define Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment. Explain it with an example.

Q.NO.9

1. What is growth? Discuss different phases of growth in plants. (OR) Discuss different phases of plant growth.  (LB-2014)

2. What is aging? Explain its process. (OR) Define and explain aging. (OR) What is aging? How would you explain  this process? (OR) What is aging? Describe its causes and symptoms. (LB-2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018)

3. Explain the role of nucleus in development. (OR) Describe the role of nucleus in development. (LB- 2010, 2017) 

4. How comparative embryology support the process of evolution. (OR) Describe comparative embryology and  molecular biology as an evidence of evolution. (LB-2018)

5. Describe the evidences of evolution from Biogeography and fossil record. (LB-2008)

6. Discuss evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. (LB-2011)

E

V

I